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Telecom & networks

IP subnetting, RF link budget and fiber loss

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IP subnet Network address, broadcast, usable range and mask from an IP and a CIDR prefix. RF link budget Free-space path loss, EIRP and link margin for a radio link. Fiber optic budget Cumulative optical loss and link margin for a fiber run with splices and connectors.

Reference calculations for network engineers: IPv4/IPv6 subnet boundaries from a CIDR mask, a radio link budget (free-space path loss, antenna gains, fade margin), and the cumulative loss budget of a fiber-optic run.

These are the numbers checked before deploying a subnet, sizing a radio link or accepting a fiber installation — each one shows the formula and the intermediate values, not just a pass/fail.